Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov menyuam mos. Tom qab yug me nyuam, cov me nyuam mos tau txais qee qhov kev tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis los ntawm lawv niam, tab sis qhov kev tiv thaiv no maj mam poob qis thiab ploj mus nrog lub hnub nyoog. Txhawm rau txhim kho cov menyuam yaus tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis thiab tiv thaiv lawv qhov tshwm sim, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv raws li kev npaj thiab sij hawm los tiv thaiv lawv txoj kev loj hlob zoo.
Kev txhaj tshuaj rau cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog qis dua 6 hli
Cov menyuam mos muaj hnub nyoog 2-6 lub hlis yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ntau yam, suav nrog tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv qhov ncauj (OPV), tshuaj tiv thaiv DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus), tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B, thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Japanese encephalitis. Txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj muaj lub sijhawm tshwj xeeb thiab cov cai.
Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 hlis, cov me nyuam mos yuav tsum tau txais lawv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio thib peb, ua kom tiav cov txheej txheem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob polio txaus, uas tuaj yeem kav ntev li 2-3 xyoos. Yog li ntawd, yuav tsum tau txhaj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv hnub nyoog 4 xyoos los txhawb kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv DPT yog thawj zaug thaum muaj hnub nyoog 3 hlis. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov phiaj xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, koob tshuaj txhaj tshuaj yog muab thaum muaj hnub nyoog 4 hli thiab 5 hli. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob pertussis, diphtheria, thiab tetanus tau tsim nyob rau hauv tus menyuam mos lub cev.
Qhov koob thib peb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob siab B yuav tsum tau muab thaum tus menyuam mos muaj 6 lub hlis. Vim lub sij hawm ntev ntawm koob thib ob thiab thib peb, qee cov niam txiv feem ntau tsis nco qab. Yog tias tsis tau txhaj koob thib peb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qis qis thiab lub sijhawm tiv thaiv luv luv.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog 7-9 lub hlis: Cov menyuam mos hnub nyoog 7-9 lub hlis yuav tsum tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias, uas tiv thaiv lawv los ntawm kev sib kis kab mob qhua pias. Nws raug pom zoo tias txhua tus me nyuam mos tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias thaum muaj hnub nyoog 8 hli. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog txhaj subcutaneously nyob rau sab nraud ntawm tus menyuam mos caj npab.
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tsum tau ncua yog tias tus menyuam mos kub taub hau, nyob rau theem mob hnyav lossis rov zoo dua ntawm lwm tus mob. Cov me nyuam mos ua xua rau qe yuav tsum siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias nrog ceev faj. Yuav tsum muaj ib lub sijhawm ib lub hlis tom qab txhaj tshuaj gamma globulin lossis placental globulin ua ntej tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias. Placental globulin lossis gamma globulin yuav tsum tsuas yog siv ob lub lis piam tom qab txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias kom tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob qhua pias.
Teem caij txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov menyuam mos thaum muaj 1 xyoos
Cov me nyuam mos yuav tsum tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal polysaccharide thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Japanese encephalitis thaum muaj hnub nyoog 1 xyoos. Thawj thawj koob tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningococcal raug pom zoo nyob nruab nrab ntawm 10 thiab 12 lub hlis ntawm hnub nyoog, xav tau ob koob tshuaj kom tiav qhov kev txhaj tshuaj thawj zaug, nrog rau 3 lub hlis ntawm ob koob tshuaj. Muaj ob hom tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Japanese encephalitis: inactivated thiab nyob attenuated. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog, feem ntau yog muab pub dawb raws li txoj haujlwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv tebchaws, yuav tsum tau txhaj ob zaug, 7-10 hnub sib nrug. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob muaj sia nyob tsuas yog siv ib zaug xwb. Muab piv rau ob, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj ntxiv tab sis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv me me, thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob qis qis yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tsawg dua tab sis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo dua.
Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv feem ntau yog txhaj tshuaj subcutaneously ntawm cov leeg deltoid qhov chaw txuas rau sab nraud ntawm caj npab. Tom qab- kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv me me; Tsuas yog ob peb tus menyuam yaus tuaj yeem hnov rhiab lossis induration ntawm qhov chaw txhaj tshuaj, tsuas yog kub taub hau raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dav dav. Qee zaum, kev tsis haum tshuaj yuav tshwm sim, tab sis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no feem ntau ploj ntawm lawv tus kheej hauv 1-2 hnub yam tsis muaj kev kho mob.